Courts in India CSEET Indian Constitution Lecture -10
The Supreme Court is the highest Court in the country and is an institution created by the Constitution. Also know as Custodian of Constitution
Original Jurisdiction - Entertains appeals in civil and criminal and other cases from High Courts and certain Tribunals
Writ jurisdiction for enforcing Fundamental Rights
Advisory Jurisdiction Advise the President on a reference made by the President on questions of fact and law
Judicial review and Other special jurisdictions
The High Courts existed before the Constitution established under the Indian High Courts Act, 1861 in British India – Bombay Calcutta and Madras High courts
New High Courts were created after 1950 under special Acts
High Courts for each State or Group of States have appellate, civil and criminal jurisdiction over lower Courts
High Courts have writ jurisdiction to enforce fundamental rights
Subordinate civil and criminal courts
Both original and appellate jurisdiction
Civil Courts are created mostly under the Civil Courts Act of each State
Criminal courts are created under the Code of Criminal Procedure
District Court in each district presided over by the District Judge with Additional District Judges attached to the court
Below District Court are Courts of Judges called subordinate Judges and in, some States, Munsiffs
Criminal courts in India primarily consist of the Magistrate and the Courts of Session
Magistrates themselves have been divided by the Code of Criminal Procedure into 'Judicial' and 'Executive’ Magistrates