Tutorial 2: World of ARM & Cortex M Architecture
ARM - Advanced RISC Machine
➡️ARM is an architecture based on which various companies fabricate their micro controllers or microprocessors
➡️Advance RISC Machine (now known as ARM) was established as a joint venture between Acorn, Apple and VLSI in November 1990.
➡️The company licenses its high-performance, low-cost, power-efficient RISC processors, peripherals, and system-chip designs to leading international electronics companies.
➡️ARM provides comprehensive support required in developing a complete ecosystem
➡️ARM is the industry's leading provider of embedded RISC microprocessor solutions.
➡️The ARM is a family of the microcontroller developed by the different manufacturers such as ST microelectronics, Motorola and so on
➡️The ARM microcontroller architecture comes with different versions such as ARMv1, ARMv2 etc. and each version has its own advantages and disadvantages.
ARM Architecture Profiles
Cortex A :
➡️Designed to handle complex applications such as high-end embedded operating systems e.g. Symbian, Linux and Windows Embedded
➡️Require the highest processing power, virtual memory system support with memory management units and a secure program execution environment
➡️Example products include high-end mobile phones and electronic wallets for financial transactions.
Cortex R :
➡️Real-time high performance processors targeted primarily at the higher end of the real time applications.
➡️High end breaking systems, hard drive controllers and other applications in which high processing power and reliability is required
➡️Low latency is the most important features of real-time applications
Cortex M:
➡️Processors targeting low-cost applications with high processing efficiency
➡️Low power consumption, low interrupt latency, and ease of use
➡️Critical and industrial control applications including real-time control systems.
Advantages of Cortex over traditional Controllers
➡️DSP extension – single and dual cycle
➡️SWD/JTAG – serial wire debugging & JTAG support
➡️Floating Point Unit (FPU) – floating point computation functionality
➡️Interrupt Latency – low interrupt latency
➡️Sys-Tick Timers – timer providing clock viz. independent of microcontroller
➡️NVIC – nested vector interrupt controller
➡️Thumb 2 Instruction set – high code density execution speed optimization
➡️High Speed Bus architecture – high speed data transfer between memory and peripheral
➡️Memory Protection unit (MPU) – security purpose related to access or permission to a region
Code compatibility of controllers
➡️Code designed in any controller can be migrated to higher end controller without modification. Basically the instruction set supported by ARM Cortex-M are upward compatible.
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